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Microsoft SQL Server 2005

(Les descriptifs suivants sont en anglais, mais les cours peuvent être donnés en anglais ou en français)

Enterprise Data Management

In today's connected world, data and the systems that manage that data must always be secure yet available to users. With SQL Server 2005, users and IT professionals across your organization will benefit from reduced application downtime, increased scalability and performance, and tight yet flexible security controls. SQL Server 2005 also includes many new and improved capabilities to help make your IT staff more productive. SQL Server 2005 includes key enhancements to enterprise data management in the following areas:

Manageability

SQL Server 2005 makes it simpler and easier to deploy, manage, and optimize enterprise data and analytical applications. As an enterprise data management platform, it provides a single management console that enables data administrators anywhere in your organization to monitor, manage, and tune all of the databases and associated services across your enterprise. It provides an extensible management infrastructure that can be easily programmed by using SQL Management Objects, enabling users to customize and extend their management environment and independent software vendors (ISVs) to build additional tools and functionality to further extend the capabilities that come out of the box.

SQL Server Management Studio

SQL Server 2005 simplifies management by providing one integrated management console to monitor and manage the SQL Server relational database, as well as Integration Services, Analysis Services, Reporting Services, Notification Services, and SQL Server Mobile Edition across large numbers of distributed servers and databases. Database administrators can perform several tasks at the same time, such as authoring and executing a query, viewing server objects, managing an object, monitoring system activity, and viewing online help. SQL Server Management Studio hosts a development environment for authoring, editing, and managing scripts and stored procedures using Transact-SQL, Multidimensional Expressions, XML for Analysis, and SQL Server Mobile Edition. Management Studio is readily integrated with source control. Management Studio also hosts tools for scheduling SQL Server Agent jobs and managing maintenance plans to automate daily maintenance and operation tasks. The integration of management and authoring in a single tool coupled with the ability to manage all types of servers provides enhanced productivity for database administrators.

SQL Server 2005 exposes more than 70 new measures of internal database performance and resource usage, ranging from memory, locking, and scheduling to transactions and network and disk I/O. These dynamic management views (DMVs) provide greater transparency and visibility into the database and a powerful infrastructure for proactive monitoring of database health and performance.

SQL Management Objects

SQL Management Objects (SMO) is a new set of programming objects that exposes all of the management functionality of the SQL Server database. In fact, Management Studio was built with SQL Management Objects. SMO is implemented as a Microsoft .NET Framework assembly. You can use SMO to automate common SQL Server administrative tasks, such as programmatically retrieving configuration settings, creating new databases, applying Transact-SQL scripts, creating SQL Server Agent jobs, and scheduling backups. The SMO object model is a more secure, reliable, and scalable replacement for Distributed Management Objects (DMO), which was included with earlier versions of SQL Server.

Availability

Investments in high-availability technologies, additional backup and restore capabilities, and replication enhancements enable enterprises to build and deploy highly available applications. Innovative high-availability features such as database mirroring, failover clustering, database snapshots, and enhanced online operations will minimize downtime and help to ensure that critical enterprise systems remain accessible. This section reviews these enhancements in greater detail.

Database Mirroring

Database mirroring allows continuous streaming of the transaction log from a source server to a single destination server. In the event of a failure of the primary system, applications can immediately reconnect to the database on the secondary server. The secondary instance detects failure of the primary server within seconds and accepts database connections immediately. Database mirroring works on standard server hardware and requires no special storage or controllers. Figure 1 shows the basic configuration of database mirroring.

Figure 1 Basic Configuration of Database Mirroring

Failover Clustering

Failover clustering is a high-availability solution that exploits Microsoft Windows Clustering Services to create fault-tolerant virtual servers that provide fast failover in the event of a database server failure. In SQL Server 2005, support for failover clustering has been extended to SQL Server Analysis Services, Notification Services, and SQL Server replication. The maximum number of cluster nodes has been increased to eight. SQL Server failover clustering is now a complete fault-tolerant server solution.

Database Snapshots

SQL Server 2005 introduces the ability for database administrators to create instant, read-only views of a database. This database snapshot provides a stable view without the time or storage overhead of creating a complete copy of the database. As the primary database diverges from the snapshot, the snapshot adds its own copy of pages as they are modified. As a result, the snapshot may be used to quickly recover from an accidental change to a database by simply reapplying the original pages from the snapshot to the primary database.

Fast Recovery

SQL Server 2005 improves the availability of SQL Server databases with a new and faster recovery option. Users can reconnect to a recovering database after the transaction log has been rolled forward. Earlier versions of SQL Server required users to wait until incomplete transactions had rolled back, even if the users did not need to access the affected parts of the database.

Dedicated Administrator Connection

SQL Server 2005 introduces a dedicated administrator connection (DAC) to access a running server even if the server is not responding or is otherwise unavailable. This enables you to execute diagnostic functions or Transact-SQL statements so you can troubleshoot problems on a server. The connection is activated by members of the sysadmin fixed server role and is only available through the SQLCMD command prompt tool either locally or from a remote computer.

Online Operations (Index Operations and Restore)

The ability to create, rebuild, or drop an index online is an enhanced feature of SQL Server 2005 that augments the indexing capabilities of earlier versions of SQL Server. The online index option allows concurrent modifications (updates, deletes, and inserts) to the underlying table or clustered index data and any associated indexes during index data definition language (DDL) execution. With support for online index operations, you can add indexes without interfering with access to tables or other existing indexes. Additionally, the server workload allows index operations to take advantage of parallel processing. SQL Server 2005 also introduces the ability to perform a restore operation while an instance of SQL Server is running. Online restoration capabilities improve the availability of SQL Server because only the data that is being restored is unavailable. The rest of the database remains online and available. Earlier versions of SQL Server require that you bring a database offline before you restore the database.

Replication

Replication is designed to increase data availability by distributing the data across multiple database servers. Availability is increased by allowing applications to scale out the SQL Server read workload across databases. SQL Server 2005 offers enhanced replication using a new peer-to-peer model that provides a new topology in which databases can be synchronized transactionally with any identical peer database.

Scalability

Scalability advancements such as table partitioning, snapshot isolation, and 64-bit support enable you to build and deploy your most demanding applications using SQL Server 2005. The partitioning of large tables and indexes significantly enhances query performance against very large databases.

Table and Index Partitioning

Table and index partitioning eases the management of large databases by facilitating the management of the database in smaller, more manageable chunks. While the concept of partitioning data across tables, databases, and servers is not new to the world of databases, SQL Server 2005 provides a new capability for the partitioning of tables across filegroups in a database. Horizontal partitioning allows for the division of a table into smaller groupings based on a partitioning scheme. Table partitioning is designed for very large databases, from hundreds of gigabytes to terabytes and beyond.

Snapshot Isolation

After data is copied, transformed, and archived to an analysis-oriented database, it must be maintained and/or rebuilt periodically. Users certainly benefit from looking at a transactionally consistent version of the database; however, the version of the data that they are viewing is no longer current. It can take many hours to build and index the data and that might not be what the user really needs. This is where snapshot isolation is helpful. The snapshot isolation level allows users to access the last row that was committed by using a transactionally consistent view of the database. This new isolation level provides the following benefits:

Replication Monitor

With its intuitive user interface and wealth of data metrics, Replication Monitor is a tool that sets a new standard for ease of use in managing complex data replication operations.

Support for 64-bit System Itanium 2 and x64

Optimized for the Intel Itanium processor, SQL Server (64-bit) takes advantage of advanced memory addressing capabilities for essential resources such as buffer pools, caches, and sort heaps, reducing the need to perform multiple I/O operations to bring data in and out of memory from disk. Greater processing capacity without the penalties of I/O latency opens the door to new levels of application scalability. Windows Server 2003 x64 provides high performance for both 32-bit and 64-bit applications on the same system. The underlying architecture is based on 64-bit extensions to the industry-standard x86 instruction set, allowing today's 32-bit applications to run natively on x64 processors. At the same time, new 64-bit applications are executed in 64-bit mode, which processes more data per clock cycle, allows greater access to memory, and speeds numeric calculations. The result is a platform that takes advantage of the existing wealth of 32-bit applications while also providing a smooth migration path to 64-bit computing.

Security

SQL Server 2005 makes significant enhancements to the security model of the database platform, with the intention of providing more precise and flexible control to enable tighter security of the data. Microsoft has made a considerable investment in a number of features to provide a high level of security for your enterprise data including the following: